Clinical Epidemiological Characteristics of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: Implementation of a Videonystagmography System in the Department of Neurology

Phan Xuân Uy Hùng; Đoàn Văn Anh Vũ; Hoàng Tiến Trọng Nghĩa

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Clinical Epidemiological Characteristics of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: Implementation of a Videonystagmography System in the Department of Neurology

Published: June 22, 2023

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Abstract

Objectives: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and to evaluate the implementation of a videonystagmography (VNG) system for diagnosing and classifying BPPV at the Department of Neurology, Military Hospital 175. Subjects and methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 117 BPPV patients diagnosed using positional maneuvers (Dix-Hallpike and head-roll test) combined with a VNG system (VisualEyes 525) from March to September 2022. Diagnosis and classification of BPPV were based on the Barany Society criteria and the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery guidelines. Results were confirmed by consensus between two independent neurologists. Results: The mean age of onset was 53 years, with the 45-64 age group being most affected (47%). Females predominated over males at a ratio of 2.7:1. The right labyrinth was more commonly affected than the left (43% vs. 40%). Posterior semicircular canal canalithiasis (pc-BPPV) was the most common subtype (48.7%), followed by horizontal canal canalithiasis (hc-BPPV, 22.2%); posterior canal cupulolithiasis was rarest (0.9%). Multi-canal BPPV (mc-BPPV) accounted for 3.4% of cases. The VNG system enabled objective recording of nystagmus, improving detection and classification accuracy of BPPV subtypes. Conclusion: BPPV predominantly affects females and the 45-64 age group, with posterior canal involvement being most common and the right labyrinth more frequently affected. The application of VNG technology enhances diagnostic accuracy and subtype classification of BPPV, supporting clinical practice in neurology.

Keywords

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) Videonystagmography (VNG) Semicircular canal canalithiasis Dix-Hallpike test Vestibular epidemiology

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