Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a heterogeneous condition encompassing both motor and non-motor symptoms. Non-motor symptoms affect nearly every organ system, including gastroparesis, constipation, anxiety, depression, cognitive impairment, REM sleep behavior disorder, insomnia, and hyposmia. Notably, several non-motor symptoms may precede the onset of classic motor symptoms by several years, serving as potential prodromal markers of the disease. These symptoms significantly contribute to reduced quality of life among Parkinson's patients. The article emphasizes the importance of comprehensively assessing non-motor symptoms in each patient to guide appropriate treatment planning, and reviews current evidence-based treatment recommendations issued by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society, providing clinicians with a framework for individualized pharmacological management to improve symptoms and quality of life.
