Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, affecting approximately 50 million people worldwide. It has a wide range of etiologies and exerts substantial impacts on patients' overall health. Approximately 50% of individuals with epilepsy have at least one coexisting medical condition, referred to as a comorbidity. These comorbidities may arise from the underlying cause of epilepsy, share common neurobiological mechanisms with epilepsy, or develop over time as long-term consequences of antiseizure medication therapy. Comorbidities significantly influence the diagnosis, treatment outcomes, quality of life, mortality, and healthcare costs of patients with epilepsy. Therefore, comprehensive recognition and appropriate management of comorbidities are essential components of clinical practice to optimize treatment outcomes and minimize their overall impact on patients' health.
