Abstract
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a technique for stimulating the cerebral cortex using a coil that generates a magnetic field placed on the scalp. Neurons beneath the stimulation site undergo changes under the influence of the magnetic field generated by the coil, leading to biochemical responses, alterations in neuronal electrical activity related to adaptability, synaptic plasticity, enhanced synaptic transmission, and functional changes that improve neuronal function and play a role in neuronal recovery [4], [5]. Stimulable target sites include the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), Broca's area, Wernicke's area, and the parietal cortex. Cognitive training is a non-pharmacological treatment indicated for mild-to-moderate dementia, which can be conducted either one-on-one or via computer-based programs [2], [9]. Cognitive training helps regulate neuronal excitability, promote synaptic transmission, and enhance learning capacity [8]. The combination of cognitive function training performed simultaneously with transcranial magnetic stimulation at 6 target sites — the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the posterior parietal association cortex, Broca's area, and Wernicke's area — along with exercises specifically designed for stimulation of each individual region, such as: for the prefrontal region (5 exercises): object naming, action naming, word recall, color memory, and spatial location memory; 3 exercises for spatial attention targeting the parietal region: letter identification, shape identification, and location identification; and 4 exercises for the language region involving grammar, word meaning, and word usage — helps regulate homeostatic balance, internal stability, and neuronal excitability, thereby promoting neural transmission and the development of neural network activity. This represents a promising therapeutic approach in the field of dementia treatment [1], [3], [6], [7].
