Pharmacological Mechanisms in the Treatment of Vertigo and the Role of Vestibular Compensation–Promoting Agents

Abstract

This review summarizes the pathophysiology of vertigo, the neurotransmitters involved in vestibular function, and the pharmacological mechanisms of drugs used in the treatment of vertigo. The article discusses vestibular suppressants, antiemetics, calcium channel antagonists, and vestibular compensation–promoting agents. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of vestibular compensation in functional recovery and the mechanism of N-acetyl-DL-leucine, which enhances glutamate-mediated neurotransmission to facilitate central vestibular compensation. Appropriate drug selection according to the underlying etiology, together with vestibular rehabilitation, is essential for optimizing treatment outcomes in patients with vertigo.